- 1st January
- 1807 : First meeting of Napoleon and Maria Walewska.
- 1809 : Entry into force of the civil code throughout the kingdom of Naples.
- 1811 : The Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code enter into application.
- 1812 : Entry into force of the Civil Code in the Illyrian Provinces.
- 1814 : The Count of Provence publishes a proclamation inviting the French to make the best reception to their invaders.
- 2 January
- 1812 : Napoleon visits the sugar beet factory of Delessert.
- 1814 : Sending special commissioners in the departments.
- 3 January
- 1809 : Napoleon entrusts Soult the pursuit of the British army.
- 1814 : Entry allies in Montbeliard.
- 4 January
- 1798 : Bonaparte is received at the Institute.
- 1803 : Thirty-one Senators are provided with senatorary for life.
- 1805 : A naval agreement is signed between France and Spain. It puts Spanish fleet at the disposal of France.
- 1814 : Creation of free corps by decree.
- 5 January
- 1814 : Caulaincourt is sent to negotiate with the Allies.
- 6 January
- 1810 : An alliance is concluded between France and Sweden.
- 7 January
- 1806 : Napoleon requires that Pope Pius VII closes all ports of the Papal States to English ships.
- 1807 : Blockade of all ports of France and French colonies by the British fleet.
- 8 January
- 1807 : Capitulation of the city of Breslau.
- 9 January
- 1808 : A new French army, the third in three months, enters in Spain, under the command of Moncey.
- 1812 : Capture of Valencia by Suchet.
- 10 January
- 1808 : General Miollis is ordered to occupy Rome.
- 11 January
- 1814 : Betrayal of Murat.
- 12 January
- 1798 : Bonaparte describes to the Directory a plan to invade England.
- 13 January
- 1807 : Evacuation of Poland by the Russians.
- 14 January
- 1797 : Victory of Rivoli.
- 1814 : Evacuation of Nancy by Marshal Ney.
- 15 January
- 1801 : Signing of the armistice of Treviso, between the French and Austrian armies in Italy.
- 16 January
- 1797 : Battle of La Favorita.
- 1809 : Battle of Corunna. Evacuation of Spain by the English army.
- 17 January
- 1814 : Prince Eugene is ordered to evacuate Italy and reinforce the army of Lyons but does not obey. Declaration of war from Denmark to France.
- 18 January
- 1800 : Creation of the Banque de France.
- 19 January
- 1813 : Meeting of Napoleon and the Pope at Fontainebleau.
- 20 January
- 1800 : The royalist leaders of the right bank of the Loire disarm.
- 21 January
- 1814 : Napoleon orders the return of Pope Pius VII in Italy.
- 22 January
- 1808 : Napoleon offers to Metternich, Austrian ambassador in France, that his country has its portion in the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire projected by France and Russia.
- 1809 : Second entry of Joseph Bonaparte in Madrid.
- 23 January
- 1803 : Reorganization of the Institute and deletion of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, colonized by Ideologues of the opposition.
- 1806 : Death of William Pitt, British prime minister.
- 24 January
- 1814 : Appointment of Joseph Bonaparte as Lieutenant General Emperor and Marie Louise as Regent.
- 25 January
- 1802 : Bonaparte's election as President of the Italian Republic.
- 1813 : Signing of a new concordat.
- 1814 : Fall of Lleida, French last place in Spain. Napoleon joins the army. He will never see again his wife and son.
- 26 January
- 1812 : Catalonia is united to France.
- 27 January
- 1814 : Napoleon defeats the vanguard of Blücher in Saint-Dizier.
- 28 January
- 1810 : Capture of Granada by Sebastiani.
- 29 January
- 1814 : Victory upon Blücher for the young french soldiers, called "Marie-Louise", at Brienne.
- 30 January
- 1801 : Execution of Ceracchi and his accomplices in the daggers' plot, Arena, Dermerville and Topino Lebrun.
- 1805 : Creation of the Grand Cordon of the Legion of Honor.
- 31 January
- 1809 : Joseph Fesch becomes archbishop of Paris.
